Nationalism, Ethnicity, Identity and Anarchism

The understanding of Nationalism in today terms, we need to consider 19^th century, where despotic Monarchy based on a divine right, up to the 1700 Europe was par with the Ottoman Empire and China. In the case of the Ottoman the second siege of Vienna in 1683 taken a tool, brought down the Empire a characteristic not unique, but especially found in the Islamic Empire is the absorption of the culture and wealth, and dependents of conquest commodity materials, hinder progress, Organic Chemistry is good example original, Michel Eugène Chevreul (1786-1889) a French study fatty and Alkalis for the developed of soup. Later on in 1828 Friedrich Wöhler produced the organic chemical urea (carbamide), from the inorganic ammonium cyanate NH₄CNO, but in 1856 William Henry Perkin, while trying to manufacture quinine, accidentally manufactured the organic dye, this created an industry, but the crucial breakthrough for organic chemistry was the concept of chemical structure, developed independently and simultaneously by Friedrich August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper in 1858. The pharmaceutical industry began in the last decade of the 19th century when the manufacturing of acetylsalicylic acid—more commonly referred to as aspirin—in Germany was started by Bayer. The cheap access to British industry of commodity (India), stop any economic development of their industry.

The idea of nationality according to Napoleon freedom could only be achieved by nationalism, up to the all the conflict in Europe in the secular sense was conflicts of succession, where any treat from the previous monarchy was not respect by the successor, and after Napoleon try to create a liberal, based on citizenship of Nationality included equal right to different Religious, this impact the Jews up to them since 412 the Theodosius Code, where consider not just outsider but equivalent to an adulterer women (the reason Christians forced the Jews to have yellow as identification, because Yellow was color for prostitutes and adultery women, Israelowitz 2016, Historical Origin of Antisemitism). The lost Napoleon, the Reactionary Czar Alexander I, with Austrian and Prussia created “Holy Alliance” based on the Christian Gospel, while the British was the fourth Force and the Foreign Ministry Lord Castlereagh a reactionary Aristocrat, but he consider the Alliance a Mythical nonsense, because for the British the Liberation of the Economy and International Mercantilism was the Empire.

The failure of Napoleon and the Creation of the “Holy Alliance” (Russia, Habbsburg Empire, and Prussia) become an ideal of a restoration to Autocratic, divine right Monarchies. Napoleon Project of secular and based on Citizenship had an effect in Europe, where the restoration was not possible across, since the Holy German Empire collapse in the 1700 reduce the German in small nations, Napoleon created the citizenship and one German Nation. German Identity added the Languages as part of the identity, while Austria spoke for all the German. The German fathers of Nationalism saw the entire Germans rule from Berlin, because Vienna, the Austria Empire was multi-ethnic, multi-culture (the same reaction Hitler felt about Vienna, The Occults Roots  of Nazism, Gooddrick-Clark, 2012)—the roots of Xenophobic Germany was taken place. The eventuality the Liberal Europe lost, but the ideals of strong man ruler in Bolivar (himself travel to see Napoleon Coronation), while the Spanish Monarchy Fernando VII, restore the absolutism, and the more liberal officers plot (the idea of the use of the military as instrument to achieved a political objective, but most of the cases fail, because support especially the peasants—Marx disdain for the peasants was in did, ignorance—Marx assume the peasants were monarchist, deeply conservative, Anti-Liberal, pro-religion (In the Communist Manifest explicit call the "Idiocy of the Rural life"), but, in Spain the liberal officers and elite-- promise land reform, so they had support and hold a fight like in Cadiz in 1820, in the case of Spain with a Generation the Spanish Revolution support come from small towns, villages, peasants). The result when Spain try to impose over the colonies had not personal, not qualify personal and without resources, the reactionary monarchy lost the colonies. In the case of Portugal the royal Family flee to Brazil where they had a constitutional Monarchy, the cousin of the King made claim with British support obtain the Monarchy and force a restoration, with liberal Military after some doing was end to exile.

Where the Holy Alliance introduce the reactionary Louis XVIII the brother of Louis XVI, did not stop many times to overthought Louis reintroduce not just the absolute monarchy, but restore the Catholic Church land privilege, and the absolute to the Aristocrats, eventually his death because his obesity, while Charles X he was more reactionary, taken side with more reactionary class, which wanted back to Feudal times.

But for the rest of Europe in case of Belgium where rebellious gains the Dutch Monarchy, and the rebels had support from the British, since the British had Constitutional Monarchy, sympathize, where the same Italian Revolts Leon XII introduced the law not Jews in the reestablished Papal estates could not hold property.

In proper Russia, an elite officer and many Aristocrats plot against the Czar for a liberal Russia, Decembrist, about 6000, many send to exile in Siberia, some long term Jail, and 5 send to the death. The consequences the reactionary Monarchy had created sphere influence, when the Poles Diet had Autonomy under the threat of Vienna, they revolt against the Czar, applied an early policy used in the Caucasus against Islam, Russification, they deny the identity of them forcing all in Russian, with Russian Education under the Russian Orthodox Church.

Because the repression of the by the “Holy Alliance”, many when underground creating secret societies like the Carbonri, which British encourage in Italy against Napoleon, since now the Napoleon brought the concept of Nation, Europe had not interest to belong to an Empire, how Liberal or secular, but the Nationalism saw themselves, only through secular and liberal societies because Roman Catholic church was power yield by an individual the pope.

One event, which change and inspire the Liberals was Greek independence from the ottomans, while British worry, because will open influence of Russia, to extend the policy of Sphere of influence, and the long run they need to worry, but Russia defect with internal repression, inequality and dependence on commodity. Still the Massacre by Ottomans Chios the killing of women and Children, created support accord the spectrum, many liberal secrets societies  participated, while the reality in the ground, where the Greeks also committed massacres against the Turks, but the death of Lord Byron for the cause created a rally point for the cause.

Evan´s in his 2016 “The pursuit of Power Europe 1815-1914”, describes the emancipation of the serf was done out fear, the serf will emancipated themselves, and the Aristocrats will lost control, for the Monarchist was a top down and for the landless peasants in case of Poland the Czar give the titles of more than 100 Million parcels of land out fear, a land reform which not applied to Russia proper, when Russia Revolution take place the ambivalence, and the support of the revolution, not just come from the working class of the 19^th century, but from the new middle class, where the liberal found their natural constitutes. A second reason for the emancipation was the fact, because like in case Austria and Prussia, 40% of the income when to taxes to the Empire around 17%, the rest to the Aristocrats holder undermines the development of Agriculture. The landowners found others ways for a compensation their loss, because they control Justice, they had way black mail tenets. Still the integration of the peasant agriculture to development created situation where the peasant only had his labor to sold, reducing into a queasy-serfdom, in Prussia up to the time WWI, and the peasant did not have the right of factory workers and the land gentry can still continue the tradition of corporal punishment. The situation did not mean was passive across Europe peasant revolt took place in Russia 1834-1863 illegal tree cutting  20,000 charges each years, 950 cases of arson 1905-1907. The reaction in Europe was blame to agitators, religious fervor and Jews, but the Czar fear of the peasant in Russia cancel redemption payments and extension of the Peasant Land Bank. The same revolt occurred across Romania, Moldova, which the Army was end to culled down the revolts.

In Spain by 1830, the land owners increase the power by using sharecropping system. In Spain the reintroduction of absolutism of the Monarchy and the agriculture reform was sunder liberal governments, the Carlista revolts was anti-liberal and the hate against peasants. The first Carlista revolt 1832-1839, many of the small landowners and peasant fought Napoleon as Guerrilla warfare under British support had the expertise and succession fight between Fernando VII and his younger brother Carlos began the peasant revolts.  The revolt was the landowners to grant any reform, the conflict continues in 1847 and the third Carlista 1872-1876.

The south of Spain were the liberal administration were not able to introduce Agrarian reform since the Aristocrats with the land owners power stop any reform, the peasant turn to Anarchy in 1848.Revolt in Italy in 1863, which the entire Italian Army was send to stop revolts, the Napoleon reform never introduced. In Europe the lack of the reform took new faces of banditry and discontent.

On the other hand, the working class in 1800´s began, while Artesian (the Guilds were consider Privilege, and reservoir of the land less peasant as the working class in the industrial revolution) was used were being displace, many of the work in the Textile in North France South Belgium, where being treat was harsh and especially the Deutsch owners, many were monarchist, the saw the workers not least humans, with harsh measures like deductive pay from being late, using toileted often, to oil the machines to much including low quality—temperatures in this fabrics in the 30 Celsius (not access to water), with 14 hours days brought strike and open conflict again the owners, most of the textile workers were women and children. The factories were very dangerous placed and affecting health from bronchitis to deafens, the employers blamer the works from their own health, since they consider the place is dangerous place—according to them they work own risk.

The industrial revolution coined by the French economist Jerome-Adolphe Blanqui (1798-1854) mean besides of mass production, was the used of machines for this uniform and mass production and extended to every possible industry (still dangerous with the new machines in some ways increased for need of tempo). While promises never kept by mine operators for such dangerous work, the workers created their system of support, the creation working associations for their own protection.

Nationalism based an idea of Citizenship, and ethnicity base on languages distinct, reinforce by religious believe such was the case in 19^th Century Austria Czech or Finland relationship with Russia manifested in Finish Karvala or Music Sevilus in some places like Germany take darker meaning the introduction of race or in 21 Century British exit of European Unit base on demagogue right tory racist against Eastern Europeans, transforming into identity (in 2008 the race riots in Belfast against Polish was preview), while the resentment manifested against the other, the roots, are Margaret—Neo Liberal economy, which the New Feudal overlords are the wealth and the new peasant the res the 99%.  The air since collapse of the Soviet, centralize state, and with the economic meltdown of 2008 of the Neo-liberal not regulations, where individuals without impunity raided the coffers of the state, leaving the population in poverty, in the 1848 the spirit of revolt against the restoration is the same today where the dogmatic neo-liberalism forcing a few owning the wealth, leaving the rest of population in Dickerson Novel without hope.    

The delusional contradiction of the Marxist like in the revolts 1848, freedom could not be obtain just by guaranty of citizenship, since the fundamental question is who is the citizen and exclusions begin, you cannot obtained freedom by dictatorship of the state (or an elite which is to enforce an homogeneous behavior).

While, the support not only come from reactionary Roman Catholic Church, expressed by British-Scottish Catholics,  Beevor, the Battle For Spain, The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939 (2206), the direct involvement by the Mussolini--Fascist and the German National Socialist. The idea of region exercising power defined the privilege through citizenship or ballot. The underline of Anarchy is the relationship of power and his application, while individual can identify and express, where for Marxist the idea of power of the state many liberation movements like the Italian Unification, Poland as Nation, taken victimization to a level justification of power, of course, injustices exist due to this power relationships, the question become how resolved. The Kurd's, who provide Suleiman, and Prussia King, who for his own purpose use Islam as Political stamen, in 1905 with his visit to his Suleiman grave, to obtain the alliances of the Ottomans, therefore Muslims and the policy of the used of Political Islam continue under National Socialist to the point creation SS units under Mufti of Jerusalem, participated not only in Genocide of Serbian and Jews. But Churchill, after the Ottoman took side with the Prussia Kaiser in WWI conflict, deny any territorial recognition, forcing the Kurd's into new nations created by the British, where 20 Million under the Turks. The conflict of Syria and by then Öcolan in Prison, inspire by Brookchin Libertarian Municipalities, and the Islamic State is conclusion by Republican US administration invasion Iraq, the Islamic State an ideal creation to a Theocratic State—many of their support come from alienation of a youth not able to adapt to secular consume society, they themselves having idealized Islam, where Ottoman come to the doors to Vienna twice, conquest and hold Spain closed 900 years, since 1700´s and especially 19^th century behind of an industrial, scientific and technological revolution. The Öcalan see a Libertarian as Autonomous region inside the state: Rojava, where multi ethnic-equal society builds under Libertarian Municipality ideals.

Reflections

Pass

Summer Shadows

Fantasy

The Xenophobia in the Working Class

Herodotus in Histories describe, while the Greek where in disunion, what glue them together against the Persian was the barbarian—the other. When described the silver mines, where the slave provide the revenues 50 Silver Talents to build the Athenian float, the disdain against the slave manifested the hate towards the Outside.

The glue in the Fabric of the European society was the Antisemitism brought by Christianity competition with Judaism wielding political power to the Roman Bishop, to the point the Grandson of Constantine, Julian the Heretic desire of rebuilding the Temple in Jerusalem and the revival of Paganism to stop the political power hold by the church—Julian death 3 years after become the Emperor and the earth quake in   Jerusalem hold the plans.

Parkinson Robert G, 2016 book “The Common Cause,” described the Revolution again George III took hold when the Colonialist manufacture consensus by first by creating alternative network of Post to the Royal Post, able to disseminated their own news, but the glue of the fabric was the spread of the fear of Slave Rebellion—there where in the British Colonies started in New York in 1712, Samba Rebellion in 1731, Stono Rebellion 1739 especially in the south since the demographics was 10 slave against 1 master, and George III open his ranks by given Freedom of slaves the other case with less success Native nations call against the Colonies, by George Guaranty no more expansion of the colony, in New York the five nations took Arms eventually for the King, the use of fear and the glue of the New Nation was based on subjugation of others created the Pillars of the new nation, since George call of the Germans Hussars and Hanoverian's. The use of fear mixed with Racism are the foundation of US, which with 1863 Lincoln Proclamation and hundred years after  with the Civil Rights 1963 had not affect the fundamental Pillar in the fabric of US.

Marx in the Jewish question could accept question of identities, since Marx fallacy and the left especially in the state socialism, there is not room of identity issues all explain in Messianic Economic Models, while in the same time Marxist ideology mix with nationalism has been the treat through the 20^th Century, in many case after the collapse of the Soviet experiment what left is a Nationalism like in Balkans and Russia today.  

Gustav Landauer though created a Libertarian Socialism with room about identity, since the Libertarian left Begin and end with the individual, Marxist like Benjamin introduce in illuminated the concept of the individual—Derrida in Of Grammatology base, his though on the influence of Nietzsche the radical Aristocrat using the creative individual is the fundamental block of life itself.

In the 1921, in Mingo County West Virginia, 10,000 miners’ strike well arm confronted 3000 striker breakers (Logan Defenders) backed by the coal operators, the miners fought for the right to an Union, 1 Million rounds were used, the cynicism of the Coal Operators using Scabs of Color to antagonize the white sensitivity.

The support of the British working class for exit of European Union, was based on the hate the outsider in this case Eastern Europeans after years beginning with Thatcher economics, Blair New Labor and ended with Cameron Austerity, the economic inequality enshrined in British Society based on Nepotisms and neo-Feudal revival, using race and hate the new lords created the new servant, by selling a fantasy of Empire long gone and society never happen. The same can be say in this electoral cycle, appealing to  Disenfranchise working class, since Regan year sold to Free Market religion and culminated with 2008 Busch economic meltdown, and left by denying identity, in case Sanders, not making inroads in the African Americans and Hispanic.

The nominee of the Republican Party insulting and Deming every minority, while the peculiarity of the US electoral system based on the Electoral College (270)—since the founders did not trusted the masses, and the electoral college, electoral numbers depended on population, for Example California with 55 Electoral college, 40% of the Population Spanish, the nominee solution is expulsion and walls try in 1930´s in Los Angeles—the nominee outcast itself leaving with a narrow path the states which still some working class representing the party, when the president dealing with 2008 meltdown given a life line to Auto industry and his Republican Party with the Mantra of not Government interference in the market, ask for a thrust, while Nafta, was disaster, appealing to a white nativism not solving the concentration of the weal to 1% , economic inequality or the exclusion of new generation in education, since the Universities have become personalities driven, and privilege—now the universities have transform into Business—exclusion zones for the few with contact, enjoy the wealth from the taxes market in research grants as example.  

An open letter to UK

In your darkest hour in WWI and WWII you extended the hand for help, because your fight against oppression, xenophobia, racism and Antisemitism, you ask help from US and your commonwealth, when you stranded alone, but not alone, every one come, because solidarity for the Parliamentary democracy, but even dark hour, you out your inner xenophobia helped Franco in Spain and close the doors to the Jews in their Holocaust, while many of you step to the plate, the same Government ask for help and forgot  the victims for your own selfish interest, not unique, but the hypocrisy.

While you ask 3 time to enjoy of the EU out economic benefit after all your Empire was built on Commerce, your crown India was run by racist civil service and leave in South Africa a system where racist political system acceptable, in the end the Aristocrats force the economic cast by Thatcher in the name of the Free Market Religion, your referendum was based on your racism, if you think Europe will let you benefit, especially the Financial economy, since your system based on consumption and  you kill your own manufacture, with denying the free movement, where  the walls created by nation states in Europe make poor and Xenophobic, you Little England, based on you delusion of superiority, your economic success was because you have access to 420 in Europe, now you deny yourself, your turn your back to yourself out hate, while 48% your pollution realize the damage, but end you 52% created the pain to whole, if you think the world is waiting for the Imperial UK, 68 Million of you without any Industry and with racist society, we say to you, you are not welcome, we should boycott you understand we are equal, we all share the same destiny, Not Gods, No Walls, No State, No Masters:

I have dream when one day when not one should be Judge because the colour of the skin, ethnicity, gender, Religion, Sexual Orientation or point origin, but just for what we are Humans, we share the same existential pain, we born, we become ashes, and between struggle, we cannot take any material possessions, our legacy what our action due to the others and world, that should be the standard of our life.  

Open Doors

The Economics of Xenophophia

Examples of economic crises turn into Xenophobic reaction we not need to travel to far, in the early 1930´s as consequence of the 19 century Gilder Age, when free market capitalism was transform from a pragmatic to an ideology creating the seeds, when the collapse of the Economy in the 1920´s looking for answers, the uneducated masses blame the other, combined with the 19 Century Nationalism in the case of Germany and Eastern Europe of two policies and traditions, the despotic and rationalism brought to Russia by Catharine and Russification is a policy applied by the Czar in Eastern Europe.

The failure of Wiemar Republic due to the vindictive of Victorious parties of WWI the British and Especially the French, Nocholas Goodrick-Clarke in “The Occult Roots of Nazism (2005, Tauris Parke Paperbacks), where Germany suitability to a romanticism combine with Nationalism and identity created the seeds for the actors who committed the Holocaust. Today, due to the conservative forces in Europe after the lost in Germany or the Fascist in Europe where the economic policy of Corporations for a Free Market Ideology creating a dislocation due to technology and cheap labour, with the failure of the Socialist State in the Soviet Block, not alternative, with Economic Meltdown of 2008, in the case of the UK, free Market of Thatcher, where whatever industries are owned and operated by German consortiums or other international identities, leaving the UK economy base on consumption, but the actual economy base on Financial, where the overall economy of UK export 47% to the EU and important only 4% from Germany for example, the last referendum was from Xenophobic reaction, found not just in UK, whether are Polish workers or other, the idea of EU after 2000 of continues conflict and blood, open the doors know other, because our world has become smaller, yes, there is an inequality where 1% own 47 % or more of the economics closing the doors will not give a better share of the wealth, they are alternative, Organize, created cooperatives, created cooperatives banks, do not let education accreditation on the hands of elite.

Europe in Crises

Wootton in his book “The Invention of Science (2015)”, ask the question why the Scientific Method took hold in Europe, especial between 9 and 12 century, allot of the development was in Islamic world, around the 9 century Islamic rationalism was label as heresy, while took closed to centuries the energy was dissipated leaving the Science and technology in Europe, the answer for Wootton was the fragmentation in Europe, open to development of new ideas, not a single place can control the epistemology or the scientific method on the other hand, Europe have close of more than 2000 years of history of Imperial dreams from Rome to 2016 Putin Russia (not just unique to the West, Islam spread was in the name of  Religious Empire—like Byzantium take the mantel of Rome) the historian R J Evans in “The Third Reich in History And Memory” show the roots of Nazi Germany was in desire and envious of the German Kaiser of the Mercantile British Empire, when Bismarck defined the German power should be based on commerce, since Germany was not bless by being an Island like the British or access to tow Ocean like the French whatever access have to the sea was limited, the Kaiser retire Bismarck, this created the base for two World Wars, the European Union is rightly Merkel point out born as way to reign nationalist and focus to something more, the points which created the tensions France and Germany competing in the economic level, what EU eventually achieve was  bring Easter Europe from the clutch of the Oppression of Russia, since the collapse of the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth, the Czar using Rusification as instrument for oppression from the Baltics to Ukraine.

While UK requested three times to be part of the EU and deny twice by than Charles de Gaulle deny them because de Gaulle believe UK did not in his heart in Europe, but the isolation of the Island life, Hannah Arent in “The origin of Totalitarianism” described the Rhodes private Diamond Empire was based on race (not unique to British the actions of Leopold II in Belgium Colonies in Africa), the spirit of Rhodes in previous manifestations in British colonies in the case US the 1800´s rule in Maryland where free slave children can never be free the opposite bounded.

The referendum of 2016, of the British Exit out European Union, while in the case of the UK white population closed to 87.7 % and not enough immigration for a population replacement (the average birth is 1.97 and the need of 2.075 for replacement) and compare to US the white Population in 2016 is 72.4% decreasing, like the inequality introduce in the US by the policies of Ronald Regan via the Republican Party and UK by Margaret Thatcher at the same time 1980´s through the Tories, the deindustrialization occur in two place, but in US because the size some new and return, since both are consumer oriented, but in the case of UK was Germans Industries save whatever left from Aviation EADS, Roll Royce own by BMW, icons Mini on the hands of BMW, 8% of the UK Economy are investment financial base on the idea of stable economy and politics no more, while Anglo Saxon, many times driven by hope in our case wishful thinking, while EU main force Germany, Merkel making to measure errors there tendency in Germany believing in Ideology not deviation like in the case of Greece, the free market religion, where the system is more important than people, while reforms were  needed the shock therapy created alienation (not forget the Europe because cultural nationalism and long grievance memories, the War in Kosovo, the Balkans as mention in the book by Slavko Goldstein “1941 The Year that Keeps Returning”). The second the immigration open doors by Merkel, due to Obama decision, the Iran deal was more important than Syria civil conflict, not to say after the disastrous Iraq conflict brought by Republican administration, the US have no interest to extend themselves into more conflicts, and lack of any public support help to prioritize not to rattle Iran by forcing out Assad being protégé of Iran.

Merkel is cautions, but when she takes a position, Merkel is difficult to dislocated from her position, while the British referendum was result of the racism in England and Wales, the delusion they have Europe will continue the status quo in the Economy and let them to restrict immigration, the principles of the European Project one of them the free movement. The Business Transaction of Germany with the UK is 0.4 of the GDP, more over to consume there is a need jobs to have the cash, the tariff of Auto import to EU is 10%, not to say Scotland will leave the UK with their second referendum—the are consequences and UK just in her delusion of Racist Empire just have become smaller.