The Achilles Question
A tradition of the 19 century Talmudic Schools was the introduction of ethics. How this tradition appeared to the fact Eastern Europe many Jews from the Pale started to follow the Hasidim moment. The movement took root since the persecution through Medieval Europe and especial the Crusade of 12 century push the Jews out Western Europe towards frontier, by invitation of the King of Krakow become an escaped of the persecution in Germany and France. But life was not better, after Katharina of Great inherent the pale no Jewish were allot in Moscow.
The Baal Shem Tov, being controversial by open the Mystical Judaism to everyone, since the story Mystical Judaism had produce two heresies in Judaism: Sabbatai Zevi and Frankists. The hope for him was to explain the hard life is for Jewish to know were especial by the creator and that though is a reason form himself to endure the hardships.
Where the Lithuanian Jewish tradition base in the analytical tradition of Talmud and the changes brought by Napoleon of the secular state where, the citizen is priory to family or religion, the new loyalty is to the state and the state will have obligations to the citizen. The revolution open for the first time Jewish are equal and opportunities. The individual has a right with the state and the idea the individual was the center, not emotional connection to past. The Orthodox Community to hold the next generation use ethics to bring some responsibility.
Ethics is about knowing the consequences and not knowing all the consequence. The failure of not knowing and knowing is the fact we have not control. The elites to maintain power they need certainty and the certainty is reinforce by the world around them. The failure of Athens to invade Syracuse, was the fact were ignorant of Syracuse and they faille to accept they were ignorant. The ignorance is the Achilles of each elite and each Generation. We have forgot our own Achilles.