Points of inflection can be considered
only after the fact, but moment in awareness can be realization of inflection
point. The first city Çatalhöyük in Anatolia between 7500 BCE and 4500 BCE,
transition from just nomadic—Pastoral life to where introduction of
Agriculture, where a chain of Cities Mesopotamia like Eridu, Uruk, and Ur, development come out the
need for specialized knowledge, because Agriculture from the need when
plantation, harvest, need of crops selection and irrigation.
The information need for transmission
of knowledge a system was created for transfer—written the cuneiform demanding
a formal transmission education, but the dark side of the cities was the ones
who control the information become the power hence the elites and controlling
the information to maintained need created the outside. Our need of control and
our fear of the unknown elites created the outsider—the other.
Their believing was
manipulated to create the fear of outside. When Christianity become the state
religion become organized outsider, while in the records of Elephantine Island
the Jewish temple come into place around the 6 BCE at the time of rain of Menashe
then Juda King. The temple was destroyed in 410 BCE at the hands of the priests
of the Egyptian god, Khnum. Although rebuilt, the temple was eventually
abandoned sometime after 400 BCE.
A second Jewish Temple in
Egypt was built at Leontopolis 170 BCE
and destroy 73 CE by the Romans out fear will be another Jewish revolt,
while the treasure of the second temple when to build the Coliseum in Rome and
Temple in Lepntopolis was out fear his destruction.
Christianity created the
outsider and the first infidels was the Jews with bloody consequences—not just pogroms,
but the introduction by the Roman Christian church of Genocide during the
crusade. Luther codifies and rationalized not only his Antisemitism, but call
justification of Genocide in his Book On the Jews in his lies 1543, while the
introduction of Race Genocide created by the cousin of Darwin—Galton, his pseudoscience
defined the race immigration laws in US, while the white supremacy was used by
white in US to maintain economic success specialise in Southern states—mixed with
Anti-Semitism of Russia since moment of Catherine take the Pale from Sweden the
used of Christianity as instrument of power culminated with a secular Anti-Semitism,
where race culminated with Holocaust. For Russia the Czar propaganda source
material for the forgery consisted jointly of Dialogue in Hell Between
Machiavelli and Montesquieu, 1864 a political
satire by Maurice Joly and a chapter from Biarritz, an 1868 novel by the
antisemitic German novelist Hermann Goedsche, which had been translated into
Russian in 1872. The impact included revolted against elites in the west
created the outsider. The left need and right to make change need authoritarian—to
force change, they need outsider following since the policy from Assyrian and Babylon
Empires to move population to exert control of territory denied any identity of
the Jews, creating another form of Antisemitism.
Islam itself created
anti-Jews view in early because Jews did not accepted the Messianic and Prophesy
of Mohammad, realization of Islam the world is big and behind their control and
conquest, while try, Christianity fought back created a second class citizen
reserved for the monotheism religion, by still force conversions and used humiliation—an
example of story of Samaritans reduce to closed 15,000 today.
But the Anti-Jews view did
not end as just a religion persecution, but Mohammed Amin al-Husseini actively
participated in the name of Islam the Genocide of Jews in Europe while for him
others was to stop any Jews in Ancestral Lands (claim or not claims), he was
paid by the National Socialist Regime 50,000 Reich marks a month) German field
marshal was making 25,000 marks a year), (the equivalent today of $12,000,000 a
year).
Husseini eventually met with
Hitler and Ribbentrop in 1941, he assured Hitler that: The Arabs were Germany's
natural friends because they had the same enemies... namely the English, the Jews,
and the Communist.
Hitler was pleased with him,
considering him: the principal actor in the Middle East" and an Aryan because
of al-Hussaini's fair skin, blond hair and blue eyes.
Heinrich Wolff, inform
Berlin reporting al-Husseini's that Palestinian Muslims were enthusiastic about
the new regime and looked forward to the spread of fascism throughout the
region.
Wolff met al-Husseini and
many sheikhs again, a month later, at Nabi Musa. They expressed their approval
of the anti-Jewish boycott in Germany and asked Wolff not to send any Jews to
Palestine.
Al-Husseini arrived in Rome on 10 October 1941. He
outlined his proposals before Ubaldo Alberto Mellini Ponce de León, his support
of the Axis condition:
recognize in principle the unity, independence, and
sovereignty, of an Arab state, including Iraq, Syria, Palestine, and
Transjordan.
Al-Husseini offered support in the war against Britain
and stated his willingness to discuss the issues of: he Holy Places, Lebanon,
the Suez Canal, and Aqaba.
The Italian foreign ministry approved al-Husseini's
proposal, recommended giving him a grant of one million lire, and referred him
to Benito Mussolini, who met al-Husseini on 27 October. According to
al-Husseini's account, it was an amicable meeting in which Mussolini expressed
his hostility to the Jews and Zionism.
In the summer of 1940 and again in February 1941,
al-Husseini submitted to the Nazi German Government a draft declaration of
German-Arab cooperation containing a clause:
Germany and Italy recognize the right of the Arab
countries to solve the question of the Jewish elements, which exist in
Palestine and in the other Arab countries, as required by the national and
ethnic (völkisch) interests of the Arabs, and as the Jewish question was solved
in Germany and Italy.
Al-Husseini affirming declaration of the Axis support for
the Arabs on 3 November 1941, the declaration, slightly amended by the Italian
foreign ministry, received the formal approval of Mussolini and was forwarded
to the German embassy in Rome. On 6 November, al-Husseini arrived in Berlin,
where he discussed the text of his declaration with Ernst von Weizsäcker and other
German official were the Axis powers declared their readiness to approve the
elimination of the Jewish National Home in Palestine.
On 20 November, al-Husseini met the German Foreign Minister
Joachim von Ribbentrop and was officially received by Adolf Hitler on 28
November.
Hitler, recalling Husseini, remarked that:
He has more than one Aryan among his ancestors and one
who may be descended from the best Roman stock.
Al-Husseini asked Adolf Hitler for a public declaration: recognized
and sympathized with the Arab struggles for independence and liberation, and
that would support the elimination of a national Jewish homeland.
Hitler established policy:
Germany has resolved, step by step, to ask one European
nation after the other to solve its Jewish problem, and at the proper time,
direct a similar appeal to non-European nations as well. When Germany had
defeated Russia and broken through the Caucasus into the Middle East, it would
have no further imperial goals of its own and would support Arab liberation... Germany's
objective would then be solely the destruction of the Jewish element residing
in the Arab sphere under the protection of British power short, Jews were not
simply to be driven out of the German sphere but would be hunted down and
destroyed even beyond it.
In his memoirs al-Husseini recalled that Heinrich
Himmler, in the summer of 1943, while confiding some German war secrets, inveighed
against Jewish war guilt, and revealed the ongoing extermination—abadna) of the
Jews.
Gilbert Achcar, referring to this meeting with Himmler,
observes:
The Mufti was well aware that the European Jews were
being wiped out; he never claimed the contrary. Nor, unlike some of his
present-day admirers, did he play the ignoble, perverse, and stupid game of
Holocaust denial... . His amour-propre would not allow him to justify himself
to the Jews... .gloating that the Jews had paid a much higher price than the
Germans... he cites... : "Their losses in the Second World War represent
more than thirty percent of the total number of their people ...".
Statements like this, from a man who was well placed to know what the Nazis had
done ... constitute a powerful argument against Holocaust deniers. Husseini
reports that Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler ... told him in summer 1943 that
the Germans had "already exterminated more than three million" Jews:
"I was astonished by this figure, as I had known nothing about the matter
until then." ... Thus. in 1943, Husseini knew about the genocide... .
Al-Husseini's memoir then continues:
Himmler asked me on the occasion: How do you propose to
settle the Jewish question in your country? I replied: All we want from them is
that they return to their countries of origin. He (Himmler) replied: "We
shall never authorize their return to Germany.
Wolfgang G. Schwanitz doubts the sincerity of his
surprise since, he argues, Husseini had publicly declared that Muslims should
follow the example Germans set for a definitive solution to the Jewish problem.
Subsequently, al-Husseini declared in November 1943:
It is the duty of Muhammadans [Muslims] in general and
Arabs in particular to ... drive all Jews from Arab and Muhammadan countries...
. Germany is also struggling against the common foe who oppressed Arabs and
Muhammadans in their different countries. It has very clearly recognized the
Jews for what they are and resolved to find a definitive solution for the
Jewish danger that will eliminate the scourge that Jews represent in the world.
At the Nuremberg trials, Dieter Wisliceny, stated that
al-Husseini had actively encouraged the extermination of European Jews, and
that al-Husseini had a meeting with Eichmann at his office, during which
Eichmann gave him a view of the current state of the Solution of the Jewish
Question in Europe" by the Third Reich.
Al-Husseini collaborated with the Germans in numerous
sabotage and commando operations in Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine, and
repeatedly urged the Germans to bomb Tel Aviv and Jerusalem:
in order to injure Palestinian Jewry and for propaganda
purposes in the Arab world as his Nazi interlocutors put it. The proposals were
rejected as unfeasible
Example was operation Atlas. A special commando unit of
the Waffen SS was created, composed of three members of the Templer religious
sect in Palestine, and two Palestinian Arabs recruited from al-Husseini's
associates, Hasan Salama and Abdul Latif to intelligence-gathering base in
Palestine, radioing information back to Germany, and buying support among Arabs
in Palestine, recruiting and arming them to foment tensions between Jews and
Arabs, disrupting the Mandatory authorities and striking Jewish targets. The
plan ended in fiasco: they received a cold reception in Palestine, three of the
five infiltrators were quickly rounded up, and the matériel seized. Their
air-dropped cargo was found by the British, and consisted of submachine guns,
dynamite, radio equipment, 5,000 Pound sterling, a duplicating machine, a
German-Arabic dictionary and a quantity of poison with the mission included a
plan to poison the Tel Aviv water supply.
The most significant action:
Al-Hussein involvement in creating Muslim units under
German command, Himmler who viewed the Islamic world as a potential ally
against the British Empire and regarded the Nazi-puppet Independent State of
Croatia, Himmler had a romantic vision of Islam as a faith: fostering fearless
soldiers.
Himmler authorizes three Muslim divisions under German
leadership in the Balkans from Bosnian Muslims and Albanians:
the 13th Handschar, the 21st Skanderbeg, and the 23rd
Kama (Shepherd's dagger).
At the Muslims had three options: to join the Croatian
Ustaše, or the Yugoslav partisans, or to create local defense units. The Muslim
chose an alliance with Germany, which promised them autonomy. Dissatisfied with
low enlistment, Himmler asked the mufti to intervene. Husseini speeches and
charismatic authority proved instrumental in improving enlistment notably:
Those lands suffering under the British and Bolshevist
yoke impatiently wait the moment when the Axis will emerge victorious. We must
dedicate ourselves to unceasing struggle against Britain – that dungeon of
peoples – and to the complete destruction of the British Empire. We must
dedicate ourselves to unceasing struggle against Bolshevist Russia because
communism is incompatible with Islam.
During a visit in July 1943 the Mufti said:
The active cooperation of the world's 400 million Muslims
with their loyal friends, the German, can be of decisive influence upon the
outcome of the war. You, my Bosnian Muslims, are the first Islamic division
[and] serve as an example of the active collaboration....My enemy's enemy is my
friend.
Himmler in addressing the unit declared:
Germany [and] the
Reich have been friends of Islam for the past two centuries, owing not to
expediency but to friendly conviction. We have the same goals.
Many Bosnians in these divisions who survived the war
sought asylum in Western and Arab countries, and of those settling in the
Middle East, many fought in Palestine against the new state of Israel.
Husseini urged Germany to raise a similar Arab legion.
Husseini helped organize Arab students, POWs and North African emigres in
Germany into the: Arabisches Freiheitkorps, an Arab Legion in the German Army
that hunted down Allied parachutists in the Balkans and fought on the Russian
front.
